![]() It is undoubtedly correct to characterize a single photon by the same harmonic functions as light waves. Both strengths can be characterized by the function as follows The Structure of Linearly Polarized Photonįor the sake of simplicity, it is necessary to assume:ġ) The photon energy is far less than the mass-energy of an electron at rest, i.e.,Ģ) The electron is a point-like particle of neither size nor shape.ģ) The motion of the electron is undamped.Ĥ) There is no effect of the photon magnetic field on the electron.ĥ) The motion of the electron is low-speed without the relativistic effect.Ī plane electromagnetic wave propagating along the z-axis, which electric field strength vector E oscillating along the x-axis and the magnetic induction strength vector B oscillating along the y-axis, obeys Maxwell equations. Applying Equation (2-1) can obtain the expression of the energyģ. The energy gained by the recoil electron is equal to that lost by the photon. ![]() The recoil momentum of the electron can decompose into two components: one in the x-axis perpendicular to the direction of the incident photon and another in the z-axis parallel to the direction of the incident photon In this set of solutions, Equation (2-1) represents the change in the wavelength of the photon before and after the collision Equation (2-2) represents the relationship between the recoil angle of scattering electron and the scattering angle of the scattered photon Equation (2-3) represents the recoil momentum of scattering electron. Is the ratio of photon energy to the mass-energy of electron at rest, which is given by The solutions to this system of equations are This diagram shows the conservation of momentum when a photon scattering by an electron at rest. θ―the scattering angle of the scattered photon φ―the recoil angle of the scattering electron.įigure 1. ―the recoil electron momentum vector which magnitude is m―the mass of the electron V―the speed of recoil electron ―the scattered photon momentum vector which magnitude is ―the incident photon momentum vector which magnitude is The relevant physical quantities above and below are: h―Planck constant, The particles obey the laws of conservation of momentum and kinetic energy.Īccording to the laws of conservation of momentum and kinetic energy can obtain the following equations Regarding the collision of the X-ray photon and the free electron as an elastic collision, both photon and electron are elastic particles ( Figure 1). One can’t help asking whether Compton scattering theory can derive the cross-sectional area of a single photon. Then, how to go deep into the interior of a single photon?Īpplying the Thomson scattering and Compton scattering theory can reveal the cross-sectional area of the electron. Therefore, revealing the size, shape, and internal electromagnetic structure of a single photon has become an indispensable part of photon research. The photon models proposed by many scholars can’t stand up to theoretical scrutiny. Most academic articles complicate this problem so much that it remains unsolved for 120 years. For example, does a single photon have size and shape? The textbooks are silent on this point. For a single photon, it seems that there are still many physical quantities unknown. There are many mysteries about this issue since Max Planck introduced the concept of quantum, December 1900. The connection of the light wave in electrodynamics and photon in quantum mechanics is not well. So far, for a single photon, the known physical quantities include velocity c in the vacuum, the frequency In quantum mechanics, the Planck energy formula represents the energy of a single photon. In electrodynamics, the Maxwell equations and their solutions characterize the electromagnetic field of light.
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